Beyond esports tournaments, include a broader calendar of gaming events, conferences, and conventions.
Beyond esports tournaments, include a broader calendar of gaming events, conferences, and conventions.
Project Artichoke was a secret CIA program initiated in the early 1950s that explored the possibilities of mind control and behavioral manipulation through various psychological and chemical means. It served as a precursor to the more infamous MK-Ultra project and laid the groundwork for many of the methods and techniques that would later be expanded upon.
Methods: The program investigated the use of drugs (such as LSD, heroin, and barbiturates), hypnosis, and other methods to break down an individual’s psychological defenses and control their behavior. The research also delved into methods of inducing amnesia and creating multiple personalities.
Participants: Experiments were conducted on both witting and unwitting subjects, including CIA operatives, prisoners, and other individuals without their consent.
Key Organizations Involved:
CIA: The project was primarily overseen by the CIA’s Office of Scientific Intelligence, which sought to develop techniques for interrogation and behavior control.
Dr. Morse Allen: A significant figure in Project Artichoke, Dr. Allen was a CIA psychologist who led many of the project’s experiments involving hypnosis and drug-induced states.
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI): Collaborated with the CIA on various aspects of the project, particularly in exploring the use of hypnosis in military applications.
Key Universities Involved:
Key Contractors Involved:
Risks Associated:
Involuntary Participation: Many subjects were unknowingly involved in the experiments, leading to severe ethical violations.
Psychological Trauma: Participants often experienced extreme psychological distress, including the development of multiple personalities, paranoia, and long-term mental health issues.
Physical Side Effects: The use of drugs such as LSD, heroin, and other substances caused physical harm, including addiction, overdose, and other health problems.
Additional Risks:
Ethical Violations: The lack of informed consent and the nature of the experiments raised significant ethical concerns, particularly regarding the treatment of human subjects.
Long-Term Impact: The psychological and physical effects of the experiments often had long-lasting consequences for participants, many of whom were left with permanent damage.
Books:
Resources:
